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DNA biosensor
A DNA biosensor is a sensing device that can convert the presence of target DNA into a detectable electrical signal. It consists of two parts, one is the recognition element, namely the DNA probe, and the other is the transducer. Identification components are mainly used to sense whether the sample contains the target DNA to be tested; The transducer converts the signal perceived by the recognition element into a signal that can be observed and recorded. Usually, a single stranded DNA is solidified on a transducer, and another DNA containing a complementary sequence is recognized by hybridization of DNA molecules, forming a stable double stranded DNA. The target DNA is detected through the conversion of sound, light, and electrical signals.
The principle of DNA biosensors is that a single stranded DNA molecule with a known nucleotide sequence fixed on the surface of the sensor or transducer probe hybridizes with another complementary ss DNA molecule, forming a double stranded DNA that exhibits a certain physical signal, which is then reflected by the transducer.

Skin biosensor
Blood tests may be a commonly used method for tracking certain human indicators, but a new project led by the US military may change the way monitoring is conducted. The fact shows that many indicators of blood flow in the human body also exist in sweat.
The US military's project aims to develop a skin "biosensor" that can track the flow of substances in military personnel's sweat to monitor their condition and improve their performance. Researchers say that this high-tech device looks and feels like a tape bandage, and can be used to collect real-time measurement data such as heart rate and respiratory rate.
This sensor is a flat electronic chip embedded in a bandage, designed to record information that can be downloaded to smartphones and computers. The US military hopes to use this technology to learn how to effectively deploy soldiers and how to put them in good condition for combat.